In Chinese herbal practices, Hēi Gǒu Qǐ — 黑枸杞 — is the wild black-fruited goji of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the Tarim basin, recorded in Tibetan and Uyghur medicine and in the Jing Zhu Ben Cao (Tibetan materia medica, 1835) for the heart, blood, and eyes. Like its red cousin it nourishes the kidneys and liver (滋補肝腎) and brightens the eyes (明目), and by the logic of "black enters the kidney" it is counted among the five black foods for hair, skin, and graceful aging. Steeped in warm water it turns the cup a striking blue-violet.
In Western nutrition science, Lycium ruthenicum is studied above all for its anthocyanins — chiefly petunidin glycosides — which are among the highest of any berry, alongside polysaccharides, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Modern pharmacology has examined antioxidant, anti-aging, ocular-supportive, and immunomodulatory activities, with black goji anthocyanins and polysaccharides studied in animal and laboratory models for skin, eye, and gut effects.