In Chinese herbal practices, goji is one of the most beloved tonics — both medicine and food. Shennong Ben Cao Jing (~200 CE) documents that long-term use "strengthens muscles and bones, lightens the body, and prevents aging." Li Shizhen's Ben Cao Gang Mu (1578) refined the description: goji "nourishes the kidney and essence, supports the liver and brightens the eyes." It is the most commonly used Yin-tonifying berry in Chinese herbal practice today.
In Western herbal traditions, Lycium barbarum is studied for its polysaccharides (LBP), carotenoids (notably zeaxanthin and lutein), polyphenols, and betaine. Modern pharmacology has examined antioxidant, immune-modulating, neuroprotective, and ocular-supportive activities. Goji's zeaxanthin content is among the highest of any commonly consumed food — a property linked to macular pigment density in the eye.